Грамматика -

past_simple

Use
• We use the past simple to talk about things that happened in the past.

We usually say when they happened. We often use past time expressions;

We walked to school yesterday. She finished her homework an hour ago.
Form
• To form the past simple of regular verbs, we add -ed or -d to the main verb:
play -> played like -> liked

tidy -> tidied stop -> stopped
• In negative sentences and questions, we use didn’t/did and the infinitive.
Did you play football yesterday?

Употребление the Past Simple

1)Говорим о действиях, которые закончились в прошлом, если есть слово yesterday, указано точное время, указано время суток, указано время года, месяц, год, век, указан возраст, если в предложении встречаются словосочетания со словами ago, last и time, наречия last, first , next , after that , then, если есть придаточное предложение, начинающееся с when.

Yesterday we went to the movie.
I rang their doorbell several times.
The Canadian singer often sang that song.
Tina didn’t sing in the school concert yesterday.
Her sister baked this beautiful cake on Monday.
John fell and hurt his knee.
Yesterday we played football
The football players arrived in London at 9 in the morning
Не called in the morning.
She didn’t work that night.
I worked in (the) summer.
They married in April, 1995
Gogol lived in the 19-th century.
Не started school at 7.
My brother played the guitar many years ago.
We went to the Zoo last Sunday.
When did you see him last?
At that time he worked in the Zoo.
What time did the match start?
First she bought one cat and then two more.
My brother played the guitar when he was a teenager.
They graduated four years ago.(When did they graduate? Four years ago. We know the time.)
I sprained my ankle last week.
Mother cleaned the windows twice last week.
Did Sam enjoy his trip to Wales last weekend?
They didn’t ‘go on holiday to Spain last year.

2)Когда говорим о действии, используя промежутки времени и точки временного отсчёта, которые закончились.

Paul often fought with his brother when they were young.
He often played football with his dad when he was five.(But he doesn’t play football with his dad any more.)
Did I meet you in Hawaii in 2003?
My parents stayed in the country from June.
I stayed there from the beginning of July to the end of August.
Our teacher worked at school to the 30-th of June
We returned in the end of August.

3)Когда описываем действия, которые произошли последовательно в прошлом. Когда рассказываем истории.

They cooked the meal first. Then they ate with their friends.
A man without a leg came to the door, took out his wrench, and started to force the lock.
She opened her handbag, took out a gun, aimed and fired.
Once upon a time there lived a little girl…

4) Говорим о людях, которых уже нет в живых.

Princess Diana visited a lot of schools.
Mother Teresa helped the poor people of India.

5) Используется в предложениях или вопросах, главным значением
которых является сообщение или выяснение деталей и обстоятельств, участников
события или действия.

My brother invited 30 people to his birthday party.
Who broke the vase?
How did it happen?
Why didn`t you tell us about it?
The vikings discovered America.
My father smoked a lot.
They met at the exhibition.
We spoke Russian.
Не called too late.

6) Употребляется когда решительно отрицается какой-либо факт.

I never called him.
We never met before.
I didn’t touch anything.

7) Употребляется, если информация подаётся как факт, который нужно
принять к сведению, или человек считает необходимым выразить своё мнение.

I forgot to buy bread.
I didn’t hear your question.
I didn’t like that place.
I didn’t understand your words.
Не didn’t call.
Our teacher fell ill.
I met him once.
I met Natasha this morning.
She told me…

8) Если в предложении сообщается информация или делается запрос о только что
случившемся.

A bee stung me!
Natasha pinched me!
Did the telephone ring?

9) При описании / определении человека, предмета, ситуации, а также состояния
человека или природы.

Before our neighbour was a circus clown.
Не always looked funny.
It was too late to call.

present_simple

Use
• We use the present simple to talk about:

habits, things that we do regularly:
I go to school every day.
• facts, things that are always or usually true:
My parents work in a bank.
The Earth goes round the sun.

Form
• In positive sentences, we add -s or -es to the main verb in the third person singular (he/she/it).
I play the violin. She plays the violin.
• In negative sentences and questions, we do NOT add -s or -es to the main verb for he/she/it
He likes pizza. He doesn ‘t like pizza. Does he like pizza?

Time expressions
• We often use these time expressions with the present simple to say when something happens:
in January, in the winter, in the morning /afternoon/evening on Mondays,

on Monday morning, on my birthday, on the 4th of»August at seven o’clock,

at midnight, at the weekend, at night, at Christmas
• We also use these phrases to say how often something happens:
every day/week/month/year

once/twice/three times a week.
• They come at the beginning or end of the sentence.
Every day she meets her friends the park. Jon visits his aunt every week. We wash our car once a week.
• We say:
in the morning BUT on Monday morning

at Christmas BUT on Christmas day

on Mondays BUT every Monday

Употребление

1) Говорим о том что всегда верно, о том что происходит часто или всегда, т.е. нам не важно, когда оно происходит. В подобных предложениях могут употребляться любые обстоятельства времени с таким значением (usually — обычно, always — всегда, every day — каждый день, often — часто, once a month — раз в месяц, sometimes — иногда, seldom — редко, daily — ежедневно и т.д.


I usually get up at 7.
I go to school every day.
She goes to the cinema on Sundays.
They usually walk in the garden.
We don’t like exams!
Does he study well?
On Mondays he goes to the gym.
You never arrive on time.
I seldom go to the zoo.
Francis occasionally drinks coffee.
Ron seldom does his homework.
They do not often sing songs.
Pierre does not play tennis every week.
I do not usually watch TV in the mornings.
Do they spend their holidays in Canada every year?
Does he always wear a hat?

2)Рассказываем о явлениях природы , истинах, тех фактах, которые нельзя изменить.

Paris is the capital of France.
Hamlet is a play by Shakespeare.
Mount Everest reaches a height of 8848 metres.
Water boils at 100°C.
Ice melts at 0°C.
The river Thames flows past the Houses of Parliament.
The Olympic Games take place every four years.
A waiter works in a restaurant.
The earth travels around the sun in approximately 365 days.
My father speaks English.
The sun sets in the west.
The Muslims do not eat pork.
My father never wears a tie.

3)Говорим о расписаниях и для выражения будущего действия с глаголами
движения (go, arrive, come, leave).

The train arrives at 8:00 p.m.
The lesson starts at four.
The plane arrives in London at 11:45.
The lesson starts in five minutes.
The film begins at 8 o’clock.
My brother’s birthday is on Wednesday.
The train leaves Manchester at 7:23.
The festival ends on Sunday.
The next bus comes in 35 minutes.
Which day does the exhibition open?
What day is it tomorrow?
What time does the zoo close?
My father goes to London next week.
The train leaves at 10°°.

4)Действия происходят одно за другим.

Janine gets up at seven o’clock.
She has breakfast and then she goes into the bathroom.
She takes a cold shower, brushes her teeth and combs her hair.
After that she puts on her clothes.
Then Janine leaves the house and locks the door.
She goes to the bus stop and waits for the bus.
When the bus arrives, she gets on the bus and goes to work.

5) Употребляем когда действие или умение имеет характеристику.

My sister swims very well.
Our teacher speaks good English.
My brother eats too much sweets.

6) Употребляем когда о человеке сообщаются какие-либо сведения.

Tom lives in London.
Не works in a restaurant and collects butterflies.
Ann studies at Harvard.

7) Употребляем когда выражается мнение, отношение.

I love you!
I hate cold.
I don`t like jazz.

8) Сообщаем объективные или общеизвестные факты.

There are about 300 children in the school.
It`s hot today.

9) Употребляем в пословицах и поговорках, когда рассказывают анекдоты, шутки, в спортивном комментарии — для передачи быстрых действий, для сообщения научных фактов, в заголовках газет для передачи событий в прошлом.

Haste makes waste.

Some verbs are used only in simple tenses.
For example, you cannot say ‘I am knowing’.
You can only say I know.
Here is a list of verbs which are not normally used in continuous tenses (but there are exceptions):
want, like, belong, know, suppose, remember
need, love, see, realise, mean, forget
prefer, hate, hear, believe, understand, seem
have (when the meaning is ‘possess’ — see also Unit 24) think (when the meaning is ‘believe’)
— Do you like London? (not ‘are you liking’)
— He doesn’t understand, (not ‘he isn’t understanding’)
— These shoes belong to me. (not ‘are belonging’)
— What do you think Tom will do? (= What do you believe he will do?)
but: What are you thinking about? (= What is going on in your mind?)

Дополнительные примеры:

You listen to the radio.
It rains a lot.
I want a car.
She watches the match.
You see the house.
We arrive at the airport.
We follow the leader.
I get up early.
She writes poems.
They swim in the lake.
I answer the question.
You ask a question.
You carry a box.
Fiona visits her grandma.
I want a car.
They have a hamster.
They hear a sound.
He makes a mistake.
You understand the sentence.
He wears a blue shirt.
I answer the question.
You ask a question.
You play cards.
It rains a lot.
Christine decorates her home.
We sail on the lake.
I get up early.
We lose the game.
Eric forgets his homework.
Jamie wins all the races.
I look sad.
I buy bread.
You see the house.
The book belongs to me.
Amelie closes the door.
We change our clothes.
The car stops at the corner.
He turns around.
We drink tea.
She teaches in London.
You listen to the radio.
It rains a lot.
I am American.
He has a computer.
I buy bread.
We give her an apple.
I hate rainy weather.
I get up early.
Jamie wins all the races.
She teaches in London.
We climb a mountain.
I like cats.
We open the door.
You see the house.
The teacher checks our homework.
They shout at me.
You speak English.
She writes poems.
My sister feeds our dog.
She teaches in London.
He answers the question.
They call us.
Jenny locks the door.
I read magazines.
They run races.
We give her an apple.
I believe in ghosts.
The book belongs to me.
She draws a circle.
I know him.
The dog barks.
They collect postcards.
I look sad.
You are Australian.
They thank their mum.
They notice the mistake.
The children sleep on the floor.
I know him.
Your father drives a lorry.
He wears a blue shirt.
We live in London.
I look sad.
We stay with a family.
I buy bread.
They thank their mum.
We change our clothes.
Gareth empties the bin.
The teacher explains the tenses.
Sally hurries to school.
Cindy takes a book.
It rains a lot.
He washes the car.
His head aches.
Amelie closes the door.
Gareth empties the bin.
They shout at me.
The children sleep on the floor.
He hurts his leg.
Ben lights the fire.
They stand at the corner.

Архив рубрики: Грамматика

The Past Simple

The Present Simple (lndefinite)

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