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Future Simple vs 'Going to' Future

Formulation

Future Simple

I will (I'll) do it.                                             

You will (you'll) do it.                                     

He will (he'll) do it.                                        

She will (she'll) do it.                                     

It will (it'll) do it.                                          

You will (you'll) do it.                                     

We will (we'll)  do it.                                     

They will (they'll) do it.                                

'Going to'Future

I am (I'm) going to do it.

You are (you're) going to do it.

He is (he's) going to do it.

She is (She's) going to do it.

It is (it's) going to do it.

You are (you're) going to do it.

We are (we're) going to do it.

They are (they're) going to do it.

Usage: Future Simple

Future Simple has two main usages:

I.   Expressing a possibility in the future (usually in conjunction with an expression of possibility)

Examples:

It'll probably rain tonight.

I hope he'll pass his test.

If we don't hurry, we'll miss our flight.

2.  Making a decision at the time of speaking (usually in a dialogue)

Examples:

A: It's terribly cold in this room.      ———►    B: I'll put the heater on for you.

A: May I speak to Mr Rossi please?   ———►   B: Hold on. I'll put you through.

A: I'd love to see the town.                ———►   B: Really? O.k. I'll show you around.

Usage: 'Going to' Future

'Going to' has two main usages:

1. Expressing something that is certain to happen in the future

Examples:

Look at those black clouds.    It is going to rain any minute.

He has studied really hard.     He is definitely going to pass his test.

The roads are all blocked.      We are going to miss our flight.

2.  Talking about a decision or a plan you have made before the time of speaking

Examples:

I am cold.     I am going to put the heater on.

Mr Rossi isn't here.     I am going to put you through to his assistant.

I know you want to see the town.      I am going to show you around.

Use of Shall & Gonna

SHALL

You can use 'shall' instead of'will'for the pronouns 'I'and 'we', but you will sound quite formal.

I'll see you later.                             =             I shall see you later. (formal)

We'll discuss this tomorrow.            =            We shall discuss this tomorrow. (formal)

GONNA

'Gonna'is we contracted form of'going to'. It is spoken language and only appropriate in informal conversation.

I'm going to watch a film tonight.  =  I'm gonna watch a film tonight. (informal)

They are going to buy a new car.   = They're gonna buy a new car. (informal)

Present Simple

Facts & Habits

I play tennis once a week.

He drives Fast.

It often rains here.

Present Continuous

Action in progress now

I'm playing tennis now.

He's driving to Paris at the moment.

It's raining again.

Present Perfect Continuous

Action that started in the past and is still in progress

I've been playing tennis since I was 12.

He has been driving for three hours.

It has been raining all day.

Present Perfect

Action that is complete at the time of speaking

I've played tennis with her once.

He has driven 300 km so far.

It has rained three times this week.

Past Simple

Action completed at a specific time in the past

I played tennis with her when we were in Spain.

He drove 100 km before sunrise.

It rained heavily last night.

Types of verbs

Action Verbs

Most verbs:                                                                

play, come, go, look, talk, wait, do. etc.             

State Verbs

Only a few verbs:

be, have, exist, know, belong, understand, believe, etc.

State verbs don't take continuous tenses, only simple tenses:

I am being tired now.    ————►      I am tired now.

I've been being tired all day.   ————►    I've been tired all day.

I am having a red car. ————► I have a red car.

I've been having this car since 2006.————► I've had this car since 2006.

I am knowing this man. ————►I know this man.

I've been knowing him  for many years. ————►I've known him for many years.

Four tricky verbs (1)

Have

Have = own (state verb)

I have a red car.

Have = take / experience (action verb)

Have breakfast: I'm having breakfast.

Have a good time: They're having a good time.

Think

Think = believe (state verb)

I think you are right.

Think = reflect (action verb)

I've been thinking about selling my house.

Live (state or action?)

I've been living here for 10 years.       =        I've lived here for 10 years.

Work (state or action?)

He has been working there since 2008.      =         He has worked there since 2008.

How tо introduce yourself

Informal

Hi. I am…

Hello. My name is…

Formal

Hello. I don't think we've met. Let me introduce myself. My name is…

Good morning/afternoon/evening.  Allow me to introduce myself. My name is…

How to introduce someone else

Informal

This is my friend, Sue.

Formal

May I introduce my colleague, Sue Halen?

Allow me to introduce my colleague. Sue Halen.

I would like you to meet my colleague, Sue Halen.

What to say after introductions

Informal

Hi Sue. Nice to meet you.   …….►   Nice to meet you too.

Hello Sue. I am happy to meet you.   …….►   Lovely to meet you too.

Formal

How do you do, Ms Halen.     …….►   How  do  you do.

It's a pleasure to meet you, Ms Holen.      …….►    I'm very pleased to meet you too.

How to greet someone you know

Informal

Hi Sue. How are you?    …….►     Fine,  thanks. And  you?

Hello Sue. How are you doing?    ……. ►        Great, thanks. How about you?

Formal

Good morning Ms Halen. How are you today?      …….►     I am very well, thank you. And you?

Hello Ms Halen. It's nice to see you again.      ……. ►                                           And you.

How to say goodbye

Informal

I must go. Catch you later.    …….►      O.K. See you later. Bye.

I'll be off now. Speak to you later.    …….►      Sure. Take Care.

Formal

Goodbye. It has been a pleasure meeting you.       …….►      The pleasure is mine. I hope to see you again soon.

I must be on my way. It was nice seeing you again.    …….►      Likewise. I look forward to seeing you again soon.

Conversation (informal)

Kate: Hello. My name's Kate.

Julie: Hi Kate, I'm Julie.

Kate: Nice to meet you, Julie.

Julie: Nice to meet you, too.

Kate:This is my friend, Sue.

Julie: Yes, I know. We've already met. How are you, Sue?

Sue: fine, thanks- And you?

Julie: Great, thanks.

Kate:We must go now. Speak to you later, Julie.

Julie: OK. See you both later.

Conversation (formal)

Kate: Good morning. I don't think we've met.

Let me introduce myself. My name is Kate Russel.

Julie: How do you do. My name is Julie Bates.

Kate: How do you do. Ms Bates.

Allow me to introduce my colleague, Sue Halen.

Julie: Well, actually, we've already met. Hello Ms Halen. How are you?

Sue: Very well, thank you. It's very nice to see you again.

Julie: And you.

Kate:Well, we must be on our way. It has been a pleasure meeting you, Ms Bates. I hope to see you again soon.

Julie: Likewise. I look forward to seeing you both again.