Значения глагола have:
1) Иметь или обладать
2) Являюсь
3) Должен
4) Выражеия с глаголом have
5) Идиомы с глаголом have
1) Have как основной глагол
Говорим о вещах, которыми мы владеем или обладаем:
Do you have a car?
They have two dogs, Scruffy and Milly.
We use forms of have, not have got, with past and future tenses:
When I wan a child I had got a pet cat. When I was a child I had a pet cat.
One day we will have got our own house. One day we will have our own house.
We use both have and have got to talk about:
• relationships: I‘ve got two brothers. She has two children.
• possessions: I‘ve got a good camera. Do they have a lot of money?
• features: Everyone in my family has got dark hair. The apartment doesn’t have a garden.
• illness: Sandra‘s got a cold. Does the baby have a temperature?
• appointments: I have an exam tomorrow. Has Fiona got an interview at Oxford?
We can also use have + noun (but not have got) to talk about some things we do:
• hygiene and appearance: have a haircut/a shower/a bath/a wash/a shave
• food and drink: have lunch/an evening meal/a snack/a drink/a meal out
• experiences: have fun/a good time/a bad time
• special events: have a party/a celebration/a holiday/a trip
• activity (or lack of): have a walk/a run/a swim/a sleep/a rest/a break
• communication: have a talk/a conversation/an argument/a word (with)
Jack can’t come to the phone; he‘s having a shower. I’m tired — let’s have a break.
2) являюсь что-либо сделавшим.
We use the present perfect to talk about past experiences in our lives.
It is not important when they happened:
John has worked in several gyms. I’ve travelled a lot.
We can use before, once, twice, several times, etc. to say how often:
I haven’t visited the gym before but I’ve stayed at this hotel several times.
My parents have visited the United States once.
We often use ever to ask about past experiences. It means ‘in your life’:
‘Have you ever played golf?’ ‘Yes, several times.’
‘Has she ever tasted Japanese food?’ ‘Only once.’
We use never in negative sentences. It means ‘not in your life’:
I’ve never played golf. She’s never cooked Italian food.
We put ever and never BEFORE the past participle:
/ ‘Have you stayed ever in a Hilton Hotel?’ / ‘Have you ever stayed in a Hilton hotel?’
/ ‘I’ve stayed never in any hotels!’ / ‘I’ve never stayed in any hotels!’
Superlatives
We often use the present perfect with superlative adjectives:
That was the best food I’ve ever tasted!
3) HAVE TO
have got to = have to
have got более эмоционально насыщен, чем have to, поэтому сильнее выражает долженствование.
have to or need to?
We use have to
when it is important to do something because there is a rule or a law:
You have to put a card down. (It’s a rule of the game.)
Cars have to pay to cross the bridge.
Do you have to he a member to use the gym?
when it is necessary to do something; we cannot choose not to do it:
I have to get up early tomorrow — the train leaves at 6.45 a.m.
We use need to
when we think something is necessary or a good idea:
I need to earn some more money.
She needs to talk to her doctor.
when something is necessary for our body or health:
I need to go to bed early tonight — I’m very tired.
You need to drink more water.
In everyday English we often use the short form have got to (‘ve/ ‘s got to).
It means the same as have to:
I’ve got to get up early tomorrow to catch the train.
don’t have to or don’t need to?
We use don’t have to and don’t need to when it is NOT necessary to do something:
Cyclists don’t have to/need to pay to cross the bridge — there’s no charge for bicycles.
We don’t have to/need to get up early tomorrow — it’s Sunday.
It is possible to use needn’t for don’t need to. We use it with the infinitive without to:
You needn’t to pay. I’ve got enough money. You needn’t pay. I’ve got enough money.
had to
Had to/didn’t have to is. the past form of both must and have to.
We use had to when we talk about things that were necessary in the past:
In 2010 she had toga to the USA to take part in competitions.
They had to get visas when they went to South America last year.
We use didn’t have to for something that wasn’t necessary in the past:
My uncle made a lot of money and he didn’t have to work after he was fifty.
We didn’t have to show our passports at the border between France and Germany.
will have to
Will/won’t have to is the future form of both must and have to.
We use will/won’t have to when we talk about things that are necessary/not necessary in the future:
Well have to pay more for petrol in the future because the price of oil is increasing.
Carol won two cinema tickets in a competition so we won’t have to pay at the cinema tonight.
Must and have to
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must
must is a modal verb.
We use an infinitive without to after it.
• We use must to say that something is necessary.
You must stay here.
We must do our homework.
• We use must not/mustn’t.
to tell someone not to do something:
Be quiet!
You mustn ‘t talk in the library.
to say that it is necessary not to do something:
We mustn’t be late.
• We don’t usually use must in questions.
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have to
• We use an infinitive after have to, but it is not a modal verb.
We make questions and negatives with do/does/don’t/doesn’t.
I have to go.
He doesn’t have to get up early.
Do we have to leave?
• In positive sentences, have to/has to is like must.
We use it to say that something is necessary.
We have to stay here.
He has to do his homework.
• In negative sentences, we use don’t/doesn’t have to
to say that something is not necessary.
We don’t have to do this now. We can do it later.
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Must and have to are all used to express obligation or the need to do something.They can be used interchangeably in the present tense, except that must suggests that it is the speaker who has decided that something is necessary, whereas have to suggest that somebody else has imposed the decision.
Must and have to используються для выражения обязательства или необходимости что-то делать.Они могут быть взаимозаменяемыми в настоящем времени, за исключением того, что must предпологает, что сам говорящий решил, что что-то необходимо сделать, тогда как have to предпологает, что кто-то другой решил (влияние внешних факторов).
Compare the following:
- I must clean the house before mum gets back. I want her to find it all neat and tidy.
- Sorry, I can’t come out now. I have to tidy up my room before I’m allowed out.
- He has to attend the clinic every two weeks. He’s really quite seriously ill.
- You must come and visit us again soon. It’s ages since we saw you.
Construction «have something done»
have for doing things:
We also use have to talk about things we do. We cannot use have got in this way:
a shower/a bath/a wash/a shave/a haircut
have + breakfast/lunch/dinner/a meal/a snack/a drink/a cup of coffee
fun I a good time/a party/a holiday/a celebration
an argument/an accident/a bad time
We can use have for doing things in the present continuous or the present simple:
Listen to that noise! The neighbours are having a party! I always have a good time at parties.
4) Выражеия с глаголом have
Выражения, связанные с приемом пищи:
| have a coffee – пить кофе |
Come and have coffee, she said.
Пойдём и выпьем кофе, сказала она.
I thought we might have coffee.
Я думал, мы могли бы выпить кофе.
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| have a meal – принимать пищу |
Yes, to have a meal with them.
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| have a sandwich – есть сэндвич |
I’m going to have a sandwich for lunch.
Я собираюсь съесть бутерброд за обедом.
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have a snack – перекусить
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I hope we have a snack.
Я надеюсь, что у нас есть перекусить
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have breakfast – завтракать
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We could have breakfast on the beach.
Мы могли бы позавтракать на пляже
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have dinner – ужинать
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I don’t want to have dinner with him.
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| have supper – есть перед сном |
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| have tea – пить чай |
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| have a drink — взять что-либо попить |
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| have a sweet tooth – быть сладкоежкой |
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| have coffee/ tea etc. – пить кофе/ чай и т.д. |
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| have dinner – пообедать |
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| have lunch – пообедать |
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have a go — прокатиться
have a look — взглянуть
have a moment — есть время
have a word with — поговорить с
Выражения, связанные со встречами и проведением времени:
have a date – назначать свидание
have a game – играть
have a good time – хорошо проводить время
have a lesson – проводить/ посещать урок
have a meeting – назначать встречу
have a nice day – удачно провести день
have an appointment – назначать встречу
have an interview – назначать интервью
have fun – веселиться
have a day off – взять выходной
have a dream – мечтать, видеть сон
have a hand in smth – участвовать в чём-либо
have a holiday – взять отпуск, отдохнуть
have a lesson – проводить/ посещать урок
have a lie-down – прилечь
have a nap – прилечь поспать
have a party – устраивать вечеринку
have a rest — отдыхать
have a sleep – поспать
have a smoke — покурить
have a swim — плавать
have a trip – отправиться в путешествие
have a walk – погулять, сходить на прогулку
Выражения, связанные с внешним видом:
have a bath – принять ванну
have a haircut – подстричься
have a massage – принять массаж
have a shave – побриться
have a shower – принять душ
have a tint – покрасить волосы
Выражения, связанные с эмоциями и мыслями:
have a brainwave – выступить с блестящей идеей
have a clue – иметь представление
have a feeling – иметь ощущение
have a fit – быть поражённым или возмущённым
have a good laugh – посмеяться от души
have a plan – иметь план
have an idea – выступить с идеей
have an opinion – иметь мнение
have cold feet – струсить
have had enough – быть сытым по горло
have second thoughts – иметь сомнения, передумать
have a good opinion of smth — быть хорошего мнения о чём-либо
have a problem – иметь проблему
have a reason – иметь причину
have difficulties — столкнуться с трудностями
have fun – веселиться
have had enough – быть сытым по горло
have second thoughts – передумать, сомневаться
have sense – иметь смысл
have troubles — столкнуться с неприятностями
Выражения, связанные с возможностями:
have a chance – иметь возможность
have a choice – иметь выбор
have a effect – оказывать воздействие
have a problem – иметь проблему
have a reason – иметь причину
have an advantage – иметь преимущество
have an idea – иметь представление
have difficulty – иметь сложности, трудности
have luck – быть удачливым
have the opportunity – иметь возможность
have the time – располагать временем
Выражения, связанные с общением:
have a hand in – участвовать в чём-либо, приложить руку к чему-либо
have a guess – угадывать, сделать догадку
have a chat – болтать
have a discussion – обсуждать
have a row – ссориться
have a talk – беседовать
have an affair – иметь роман, отношения
have an argument – поссориться
have influence – иметь воздействие
have nerves of steel – иметь крепкие нервы
have no business – не иметь права, основания
have a brainwave – выступить с блестящей идеей
have an interview – проходить интервью
have a word – поговорить с кем-либо
Выражения, связанные со здоровьем:
have a baby – рожать ребенка
have a cold – простудиться
have a cough – кашлять
have a headache – страдать от головной боли
have a nervous breakdown – пережить нервный срыв
have a pain – страдать от боли
have a temperature – страдать от высокой температуры
have flu – болеть гриппом
have measles – болеть корью
have a bath — принимать ванну
have a cold – простудиться
have a cough – кашлять
have a haircut – подстричься
have a headache – страдать от головной боли
have a nervous breakdown – пережить нервный срыв
have a nightmare – видеть кошмар
have a pain – страдать от боли
have a shave — побриться
have a shower – принимать душ
have a temperature – иметь высокую температуру
have a tint – покрасить волосы
have a wash — помыться
Выражения, связанные с отдыхом:
have a day off – взять выходной
have a dream – видеть сон
have a holiday – взять отпуск
have a lie-down – прилечь
have a nap – прилечь поспать
have a nightmare – видеть кошмар
have a rest – отдыхать
have a sleep – спать
Выражения, связанные с путешествиями:
have a drive – проехаться на машине
have a good flight – хорошо долететь
have a good journey – добраться без проблем
have a lift – подвести
have a ride – прокатиться, проехаться
have a trip – отправиться в путешествие
have a walk – пройтись, сходить на прогулку
Выражения, связанные с личностными качествами и характером:
have a bad temper – иметь сложный характер
have a sense of humour – иметь чувство юмора
have a sweet tooth – быть сладкоежкой
have an ear for music – иметь музыкальный слух
have an eye for – иметь зоркий глаз
have brains – быть сообразительным
have green fingers – иметь хорошие руки (о садоводах)
have guts – иметь сильный характер, силу воли
have no conscience – не иметь совести
have sense – иметь разум, быть рассудительным
have sharp claws – уметь постоять за себя
have strong stomach – иметь крепкие нервы
have the cheek – иметь наглость, нахальство
Межличностные отношения
have a quarrel – поссориться
have a relationship — быть в отношениях
have pity – пожалеть
have respect – уважать
have a row – ссориться
have an affair – иметь роман, отношения
have an argument – поссориться
have influence – иметь воздействие
have sympathy — сочувствовать
Назначение встречи
have a date – назначить/ идти на свидание
have a meeting/ an appointment – назначать встречу
Передвижение
have a lift – подбросить на машине, подвезти
have a ride – прокатиться, проехаться
Пожелания
have a good flight – хорошо долететь
have a good holiday — хорошо провести отпуск
have a good time — хорошо провести время
have a nice day – хорошего дня
Возможности
have a chance – иметь возможность
have a choice – иметь выбор
have a effect – оказывать воздействие
have a try – попытаться
have an advantage – иметь преимущество
have no business – не иметь права
5) Идиомы
I’ve got it! – Я понял!
Have got it made – жизнь удалась.
Have got it bad – влюбиться по уши.
Have got only yourself to blame – винить за что-то только себя.
Have got eyes like a hawk – иметь глаз-алмаз, зоркий глаз.
Have got a hand in something – приложить руку к чему-то, участвовать в чем-то.
Have got something on somebody – иметь что-то на кого-то, иметь компромат на кого-то.
